Chagrin
Chagrin

Buddha a Nier l'Existence de Dieu: donc il ne peut pas etre illumine
Buddha a Nier l'Existence de Dieu: donc il ne peut pas etre illuuminer
Le choix de Bouddha (vers 560 av. J.C.) (1)
Le Bouddhisme est une croyance philosophique spirituelle qui compte plus de trois cents millions d'adeptes dans le monde d'aujourd'hui.
Bouddha Shakyamuni Siddhārtha Gautama le fondateur a été l'auteur d'enseignements connus comme Dhamma-vinaya -la doctrine et discipline- préconisant un système d'idées qui comporte des méthodes de recherche sur soi-même afin de maîtriser la douleur (dukka) (2) et achever la connaissance universelle. (3)
Bouddha a nié l'existence de Dieu dans des constats précis attribués à son dialogue avec Ananthapindika, un jeune homme riche, on trouvera ici un résumé de ces constats :
«1. Si Dieu est vraiment le créateur de toutes choses vivantes, donc toutes choses ici doivent se soumettre à Son pouvoir sans doute. Comme les vaisseaux produits par un potier, ils doivent rester sans aucune individualité d'eux-mêmes. Si c'est le cas, comment peut-il y avoir occasion pour chacun de pratiquer la vertu ?
(Faux : Dieu comme créateur et la liberté de l'individu peuvent coexister).
2. Si ce monde a vraiment été créé par Dieu, il s'en suit qu'il ne doit y avoir ni chagrin ni calamité ni mal dans ce monde, parce que toutes les actions, pures et impures, doivent venir de Lui. Si ce n'est pas le cas, il doit donc y avoir une autre cause que Dieu (cause qui est derrière Lui) et, dans ce cas cette cause ne peut pas être auto existante.
(Faux : Dieu peut être la source de chagrin et de calamité : le mal absolu).
3. Il n'est pas convaincant de dire que l'Absolu nous a créés, car ce qui est absolu ne peut pas être cause. Toutes les choses ici émanent de causes différentes. Et donc peut-on dire que l'Absolu est la cause des toutes les choses de la même façon ? Si l'Absolu s'étend à tous, il ne peut certainement pas être le créateur des choses.
(Faux : Dieu peut être l'absolu ainsi que le créateur des choses).
4. Si nous considérons l'Etre comme artisan, pourquoi n'a-t-il pas fait les
choses agréables ? Pourquoi et comment l'Etre a t-Il créé tant de chagrin
et de souffrance pour Lui-même ? ». (4)
(Faux : L'Etre peut faire les choses désagréables. Le chagrin et la souffrance peuvent être créés pour l'homme lui-même).
A partir de ces présomptions Bouddha prend la décision de rejeter Dieu :
« Ce n'est ni Dieu ni l'Etre ni un hasard sans cause qui a nous créés. Ce sont nos actions qui produisent les conséquences du bien et du mal, d'après la loi de causalité ». (5)
Par la suite Bouddha prescrit l'abandon de Dieu à ses disciples :
« Nous devons donc abandonner l'hérésie d'adorer Dieu et de faire des prières pour Lui. Nous devons arrêter toutes les spéculations et de vaines discussions concernant ces questions et pratiquer le bien pour achever le bien qui suit de nos bonnes œuvres ». (6)
Les arguments de Bouddha n'offrent pas d'évidences contre l'existence de Dieu. Ils sont fondés sur des assomptions non fondées, personnelles et subjectives, facilement réfutables. Ces arguments soulignent simplement son rejet de Dieu tel qu'il le dicta à ses disciples.
Bien que le Bouddha fondateur n'ait jamais cru en Dieu comme créateur de l'univers le bouddhisme a été identifié comme une croyance religieuse avec des doctrines, des lieux de culte (monastères) des offrandes et des invocations, des rites d'adoration, de prosternation, de vénération et de dévouement à Bouddha comme à Dieu dans les religions monothéistes. (7)
______
1. Bouddha. Nom honorifique, signifiant l'Eveillé, l'Illuminé (du sanskrit budh), du fondateur du bouddhisme, dont les noms les plus usités sont Gautama, ou Siddhartha, ou Cakamuni. Michel Mourre, Le petit Mourre : Dictionnaire de l'histoire, Bordas, Paris, 1990. p. 98.
2. Ibid., p. 98.
3. Ibid., p. 98.
4. Jayram, Bouddha et Dieu, Hinduwebsite, p. 1-2.
5. Ibid., p. 2.
6. Ibid., p. 2.
7. Rapidement, après la mort du premier Bouddha, ses disciples se partagèrent en trois grandes écoles ou véhicules (yana), distincts par les doctrines, les rites comme par les zones géographiques d'influence : a) le Petit Véhicule (Hinayana), reste le plus fidèle à la lettre du message du Bouddha ; b) le Grand Véhicule (Mahayana) a, au contraire, transformé peu à peu le bouddhisme originel, doctrine essentiellement monastique, en une religion abordable aux foules, qui met surtout l'accent sur la compassion universelle, qui possède ses dieux et ses saints (les bouddha et les bodhisattva), ses métaphysiques complexes, ses cultes cérémonieux ; c) le Véhicule de Diamant (Vajrayana), plus tardif (VII-VIII siècles) pénétré d'influence tantriques, se donnera pour objet la réalisation concrète de la Délivrance par des formules et pratiques magiques ; il a trouvé son centre historique au Tibet. Ibid., p. 98.
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