cv shampoo bar

Taxonomic Class

Fabaceae

Common Trade Names

Multi-ingredient preparations: Alvita Teas Licorice Root, Alvita Teas Licorice sticks, licorice root VegiCaps Full Power, Gaia Herbs Licorice Root A / F, SFSE Gaia Herbs Licorice Root, ATC Concentrate Licorice, licorice and garlic, licorice root extract, tea licorice root, licorice root capsules Natrol, Natural Arthro-Rx, Nature's Answer Licorice Root Low alcohol and alcohol-free herbal nature Phytosome licorice capsules, Nature's Herbs Power-Power Certified Licorice Capsules, Solaray Licorice root, tea peppermint, licorice licorice Tubi Organic Bars and chewy, Tummy Soother

Common forms

Capsules: 100 to 520 mg of licorice root

Liquid extracts: licorice extract, licorice extract deglycyrrhizinized

Tablets: 7 mg of licorice root and 333 mg of pure garlic concentrate

Also available in candy, gum, teas, throat lozenges, and snuff products.

Source

Most drugs use of dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza Zabre, a perennial herb or low shrub growth. Spanish licorice, the most common variety, is derived from G. glabra var. typica. Licorice plants are native to the Mediterranean but widely cultivated in the United States, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Greece, India, Italy, Iran and Iraq.

Chemical components

The rhizomes and roots contain 5% to 9% glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), a glycoside that is 50 times sweeter than sugar. Hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin yields glycyrrhetic acid, which is not sweet. Other components include ammonia, Oléane triterpenoids, glucose, mannose and sucrose. Aqueous extracts of licorice contains 10% to 20% glycyrrhizin.

Actions

Glycyrrhizin is hydrolyzed by intestinal flora to form pharmacologically active glycyrrhetic acid. The main effect is to enhance oflicorice, rather than mimic, endogenous steroids.

Animal studies suggest that glycyrrhizin glycyrrhetic acid have mild anti-inflammatory effects. Glycyrrhizin may stimulate gastric mucous synthesis through effects on prostaglandins, which may explain its ulcer healing properties.

Anecdotally, licorice has effective emollient (softener) and expectorant properties and mild laxative and antispasmodic effects. A Chinese licorice preparation called Zhigancao been found to have antiarrhythmic effects, including prolonged PR and QT intervals. Glycyrrhizin may also lower cholesterol and triglycerides and exert anti-anemic effects, antihepatotoxic, and immunosuppressants.

Uses Reported

Because of its anecdotal use of irritation gastric licorice derivatives have been studied for action antipeptic. Licorice was also evaluated as a treatment for Addison's disease and was found to improve the mineralocorticoid activity but could not imitate when adrenal activity was absent.

Glycyrrhizic acid was used as a shampoo reduce the secretion of sebum in the scalp and for cold sores, eczema, and ulcers in the mouth.

In the United States, glycyrrhizin is used mainly as a sweetener and flavoring agent for bitter drugs, and in beverages, candy, gum, snuff products, and toothpastes. Also added to the cough and cold remedies for their expectorant and emollient effects.

Dose

For peptic ulcer, 200 to 600 mg PO of glycyrrhizin daily for no more than 6 weeks, according to the Commission E, Germany.

The following tea is believed to provide glycyrrhizin in the middle of this range of dosage: 1 teaspoon (2 to 4 g) of crude licorice to a cup I (120 ml) of boiling water and simmer for 5 minutes. Cool, strain and take vo after dinner.

Adverse Reactions

SNC: hypertensive encephalopathy.

CV: heart failure and cardiac arrest (with overdose), ventricular tachycardia.

EENT: transient visual loss and disruption after ingestion of 1.4 to 2 pounds sweet oflicorice.

Endocrine: growth retardation reduces serum levels of testosterone.

GU: renal tubular damage.

Metabolic: hypokalemia pseudoprimary hyperaldosteronism.

Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness (with hypokalemia), myopathy, rhabdomyolysis.

Pulmonary edema Respiratory.

Interactions

Antihypertensives, diuretics: May increase the effects hypokalemic of some diuretics. Avoid administration with licorice.

Corticosteroids (topical included): May increase effects. Use together with caution.

Digoxin: May induce hypokalemia, digitalis toxicity risk. Avoid administration with licorice.

Loratadine, procainamide, quinidine, other drugs that may prolong the QT interval: May have additive effects. Use with caution.

Spironolactone: it can block the healing ulcers and aldosterone-like effects of licorice. Avoid administration with licorice.

Contraindications and precautions

Licorice is contraindicated in patients with arrhythmias, CV, renal or hepatic disease, or hypertension. Avoid use in pregnant or lactating patients, the effects are unknown. Use cautiously under medical supervision in the elderly.

Special Considerations

Monitor for hypokalemia in the patient treated with diuretics.

A large dose of licorice is less likely to cause toxicity than prolonged intake of smaller amounts.

Alert Licorice poisoning may be insidious. Monitor pseudoprimary hyperaldosteronism causing mineralocorticoid-like effects (headache, drowsiness, sodium retention and water, hypokalemia, hypertension and heart failure). Monitor potassium electrolyte (calcium and sodium) imbalances, alkalosis, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and hypertension.

Patient care about the dangers of binge and chronic licorice, including fluid retention and imbalances electrolyte.

Inform the patient of potential drug interactions.

Points of Interest

Licorice has been used medicinally since Roman times and is popular in Chinese herbal medicine.

"Most licorice candy" sold in the United States is flavored with anise oil and not actually contain licorice.

Comment

Although licorice derivatives have been studied for use against peptic ulcer disease, these products have not performed better than H 2 antagonists and may be less well tolerated. Glycyrrhetic acid may play a role in enhancing the topical action low potency corticosteroid, while minimizing systemic effects, but this research is still preliminary. Glycyrrhetic acid is the main cause of licorice-induced by pseudohyperaldosteronism syndrome do with licorice ingestion because of its inhibitory effect on the enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Surprisingly, the licorice in any form, even as candy, should be viewed with caution due to chronic ingestion of low doses and high doses can be toxic, exemplified by a multitude of serious adverse events documented in the literature.

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